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Greece Travel
The Hemingway Tour and Safaris Travel Collection
Greece achieved its independence from the Ottoman Empire in 1829. During the second half of the 19th century and the first half of the 20th century, it gradually added neighboring islands and territories, most with Greek-speaking populations. In World War II, Greece was first invaded by Italy (1940) and subsequently occupied by Germany (1941-44); fighting endured in a protracted civil war between royalist supporters of the king and communist rebels. Following the latter's defeat in 1949, Greece was able to join NATO in 1952. A military dictatorship, which in 1967 suspended many political liberties and forced the king to flee the country, lasted seven years. The 1974 democratic elections and a referendum created a parliamentary republic and abolished the monarchy. Greece joined the European Community or EC in 1981 (which became the EU in 1992); it became the 12th member of the euro zone in 2001.
| Location: |
Southern Europe, bordering the Aegean Sea, Ionian Sea, and the Mediterranean Sea, between Albania and Turkey |
| Geographic coordinates: |
39 00 N, 22 00 E |
| Map references: |
Europe |
| Area: |
total: 131,940 sq km
land: 130,800 sq km
water: 1,140 sq km |
| Area - comparative: |
slightly smaller than Alabama |
| Land boundaries: |
total: 1,228 km
border countries: Albania 282 km, Bulgaria 494 km, Turkey 206 km, Macedonia 246 km |
| Coastline: |
13,676 km |
| Maritime claims: |
territorial sea: 12 nm
continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation |
| Climate: |
temperate; mild, wet winters; hot, dry summers |
| Terrain: |
mostly mountains with ranges extending into the sea as peninsulas or chains of islands |
| Elevation extremes: |
lowest point: Mediterranean Sea 0 m
highest point: Mount Olympus 2,917 m |
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